COVID-19 Antibody Treatment Study Paused
ACTIV-3 study, testing use of an antibody therapy with remdesivir, paused 'out of an abundance of caution'
Immune Responses Long-Lasting After Serious COVID-19
IgG levels remain elevated for four months in patients with symptoms lasting for 14 days
Surgeon General Issues Call to Action for Hypertension Control
Three specific goals can drive change in hypertension control in the United States
Individuals With Blood Group O Have Lower Risk for COVID-19
And more COVID-19 patients with blood group A or AB require mechanical ventilation, CRRT
Telehealth Disparity Seen in Cancer Care
Black, Hispanic patients with cancer significantly less likely to use video telehealth versus White patients
ACS: Tranexamic Acid No Better Than Placebo After Severe Injury
Antifibrinolytic agent may lower 30-day mortality when used within one hour of injury, for severe shock
NIH Launches Trial of Antibody Drugs Against COVID-19
The phase 2 trial will assess effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with remdesivir
Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir Aid HCV D+/R− Kidney Transplants
Two studies demonstrate safe transplant of kidneys from deceased donors with HCV infection
Sitagliptin May Cut Mortality in T2DM Patients With COVID-19
Sitagliptin at time of hospitalization linked to reduced mortality, improved clinical outcomes
Lack of Knowledge Barrier to Prone Positioning Use in ARDS
Implementation strategies developed included educational outreach, learning collaborative
Maternal Distress in Pregnancy Tied to Childhood Asthma Risk
Maternal depression during pregnancy may increase child's risk for asthma at 10 years of age
Maternal Epidural During Birth Linked to Later Autism in Kids
Autism risk seems to increase with longer duration of epidural exposure
Black Race Tied to COVID-19 Admissions, but Not Deaths
In-hospital mortality higher for Asian patients, despite lower risk for hospital admission
BMD Testing Rates Low in Men Initiating ADT for Prostate Cancer
Odds of BMD testing up with history of osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bisphosphonate use
U.S. Deaths Up 20 Percent From March Through July 2020
The United States has had high COVID-19-associated mortality compared with other countries
Racism, Preventive Care at Forefront of American Academy of Pediatrics Conference
Elizabeth Murray, D.O., AAP spokesperson, discussed the highlights of this year's virtual conference with HD Live!
AACR Reports Racial-, Ethnicity-Based Cancer Health Disparities
Despite progress, African Americans continue to have highest overall cancer death rate in the U.S.
Second COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Paused for Unexplained Illness
Johnson & Johnson stopped its COVID-19 vaccine trial, which began phase 3 testing last month
ACA Lowered Out-of-Pocket Costs for Low-Income Families
High-income families saw smaller financial benefit from ACA policies than low-, middle-income families
Relationship Explored Between Physical Activity and Lymphoma
Dose-response analysis showed protective effect with 1 percent risk reduction per three MET hours/week
One Size May Not Fit All for Postoperative Opioid Prescribing
Guidelines reduce postoperative opioid prescribing but may result in inadequate pain control for some
More Than Half of Cancer Patients Willing to Enroll in Clinical Trials
Participation rates similar for Black and White patients, treatment and cancer control trials
Survey: About 3 in 4 U.S. Adults Likely to Get Flu Shot This Season
One-third report they are more likely to get a flu shot this year than previously
Certain HTN Meds May Cut Deaths From Influenza, Pneumonia
Use of ACE-I/ARB versus nonuse linked to lower mortality for those hospitalized with flu, pneumonia
Out-of-Network Claims Fairly Common for Elective Colonoscopy
Out-of-network claims involved anesthesiologist, pathologist in 64, 40 percent of cases, respectively
Web-Based Tailored Messages Do Not Increase Infant Vaccination Rates
No increase seen in timely uptake by parents who receive messages tailored to vaccine beliefs, values
Hospital Outcomes Worse for Children With Chronic Kidney Disease
Length of stay, costs, mortality risk greater than for children hospitalized with other chronic illnesses
COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways May Aid Cancer Surgery Outcomes
Pulmonary complication, postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rates lower with COVID-19-free pathways
Timing of Puberty Linked to Risk for Self-Harm in Adolescence
Earlier puberty associated with higher risk for self-harm at 16 years of age
Bedside Tracheotomy Feasible for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
No infection identified among surgeons following procedure; postoperative complications rarely seen
T2DM Links to Risk for Dementia Differ by Type, Glycemic Control
Dose-response association shows higher risk for dementia with HbA1c >87 versus <52 mmol/mol
CDC: U.S. COVID-19 Deaths Could Reach 233,000 by End of October
And, dual coronavirus-flu vaccine to start human trials
Remdesivir Cuts Time to COVID-19 Recovery
However, no significant difference in mortality found between remdesivir and placebo groups
Physician’s Briefing Weekly Coronavirus Roundup
Here is what the editors at Physician's Briefing chose as the most important COVID-19 developments for you and your practice for the week of...
Manufacturer Prices for Insulin Substantially Higher in the U.S.
Manufacturer prices more than eight times higher in the U.S. than in other high-income countries
Factors Associated With Suicide in Leukemia Identified
Risk factors include male sex, older age at diagnosis, White race
DKA Episode May Harm Cognitive Function in Children With T1D
Lower IQ and worse memory seen in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and single event
Reproductive Factors Linked to Cardiovascular Disease in Women
For composite CVD, twofold link seen for preeclampsia, stillbirth, preterm birth; risk lower with longer breastfeeding
Type of Anesthesia Not Linked to Dementia Risk in Older Adults
Dementia risk did not differ by general, regional anesthesia in seniors undergoing elective surgery
Symptoms of COVID-19 Poor Marker for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Only 13.9 percent of individuals with positive test reported specific symptoms on the day of the test
For Substance Abusers, Odds of Opioid Use Up With Cannabis Use
For adults using nonmedical opioids, odds of opioid use are increased on days when cannabis is used
Exercise Intensity Seems Not to Impact Mortality Levels
Combined MICT, HIIT intervention group had no difference in mortality versus recommended guidelines
Specific Factors Tied to Unemployment With MS Diagnosis
Many of the factors related to maintenance of employment are alterable
Disparities in Insulin Pump Use Persist, 2005 to 2019
Use higher among White children with type 1 diabetes versus Black and Hispanic children
Remote Ischemic Postconditioning May Aid Stroke Recovery
More patients with acute ischemic stroke in RIPC group had excellent recovery at three months
Psychosocial Resilience Linked to Heart Health in Black Adults
Individual psychosocial resilience independently linked to higher LS7 score in Black adults
Suicide Deaths Up in Youth After Antidepressant Warnings
After warnings and abrupt decline in treatment, downward trend of suicide deaths was reversed
Bimodal Neuromodulation Device May Relieve Tinnitus Symptoms
Therapeutic improvements continued for 12 months after treatment with bimodal stimulation
Physical Activity, Sleep Profiles Vary in Adults With Arthritis
Balanced activity profile linked to weaker work-related sitting habit, stronger outside walking habit
COVID-19 Symptoms Often Prolonged in Pregnant Women
Most prevalent first symptoms cough, sore throat, body aches, fever for those testing positive for SARS-CoV-2
Lifetime Prevalence of Suicide Ideation 17.4 Percent Among Doctors
Lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts 1.8 percent, with one-year prevalence of 0.3 percent
Measurable Residual Disease Negativity Tied to Survival in AML
AML patients without MRD have higher estimated rates of five-year disease-free, overall survival
28 Percent With T1DM Received Remote Care in Pandemic
Most patients found remote appointments useful and planned to have remote appointments in the future
ASA: Cannabis Users May Need More Anesthesia During Surgery
Also, higher subjective pain scores seen postoperatively among cannabis users
Poll: Medication Management Lacking in Older Adults
Most older adults taking multiple medications have never had a comprehensive medication review
Maker of Antibody Cocktail Trump Took Seeks Emergency Use Authorization
Although effectiveness has not yet been seen in humans, drug has shown promise in treating mild cases of COVID-19
Some Patients Have Increase in Cardiac Events With Azithromycin
Risk for cardiac events higher with azithromycin versus amoxicillin in those using QT-prolonging drugs
IV, Oral Antibiotics Comparable for Treating P. aeruginosa in CF
Results do not support use of IV antibiotics to eradicate P. aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis, authors say
Lopinavir-Ritonavir No Benefit in Patients Admitted With COVID-19
No reductions seen in 28-day mortality or duration of hospital stay in COVID-19 with lopinavir-ritonavir
CDC: 2013 to 2018 Saw Jump in Drug OD Deaths Involving Cocaine
Rate of drug OD deaths involving cocaine with opioids increased faster than cocaine deaths without opioids
Review: Estimated Prevalence of VTE 14.1 Percent in COVID-19
Venous thromboembolism found in 7.9 percent of non-ICU patients, 22.7 percent of ICU patients
Unemployment Linked to Increases in Pediatric Hospitalizations
Hospitalizations increased for four economy-sensitive conditions, including substance abuse, diabetes
Lake Jackson, Texas, Lifts Boil-Water Notice Triggered by Parasite
Notice lifted after disinfectant levels in drinking water were documented to be above the state requirements
White House Approves Tougher Rules for COVID-19 Vaccine Development
Guidelines recommend participants in late-stage trials be followed for a median of at least two months
Six States Set Records for COVID-19 Hospitalizations
Wyoming's 36.7 percent increase since last week in its rolling seven-week average was the largest of any state
U.S., French Researchers Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Recipients are University of California at Berkeley biochemist Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier of France
Company Seeks FDA Emergency Approval for COVID-19 Antibody Therapy
Request based on partial clinical trial findings suggesting the drug reduces symptoms in mild or moderate COVID-19
Smoking Tied to Worse Bladder Cancer Outcomes After Surgery
Poor outcomes include lower response rate to chemotherapy, higher mortality, recurrence
Sexual Activity Tied to Long-Term Survival After Heart Attack
Maintaining sexual activity in first six months after heart attack linked to one-third lower death risk
Women Can Conceive After Surgery for Borderline Ovarian Tumors
Fertility maintained for women undergoing fertility-sparing surgery for borderline tumors
Early Physical Therapy Beneficial for Acute Back Pain With Sciatica
Oswestry Disability Index score and secondary outcomes favor early PT versus usual care at four weeks
Neurologic Manifestations Seen in Most Hospitalized With COVID-19
Encephalopathy, seen in 31.8 percent of hospitalized patients, tied to worse functional outcome, mortality
Catheter Ablation for A-Fib Linked to Reduced Dementia Risk
Significant reduction in risk for dementia seen with ablation success, but not with ablation failure
Time-Restricted Eating May Not Aid Weight Loss
Findings also did not show benefit for cardiometabolic markers
Hydroxychloroquine Not Beneficial for SARS-CoV-2 Preexposure Prophylaxis
No clinical benefit seen versus placebo for hospital-based health care workers exposed to patients with COVID-19
CLABSI Rates Have Remained Stable in Neonatal, Pediatric ICUs
However, 2013 to 2018 saw decrease in population-based CAUTI rates, indwelling urinary catheter use
Routine Preop Stress Testing Down in Hip, Knee Arthroplasty
Frequency of preoperative stress testing declined annually from 2006 to 2017 in TKA, THA patients
CPAP Cuts Daytime Resting Heart Rate in Patients With Prediabetes
Proof-of-concept study shows optimal treatment of sleep apnea may have positive CV carryover effects
Fecal Transplant Safe, Effective for C. Difficile Through Six Months
90 percent of those undergoing FMT had one-month cure; 4 percent had recurrence within six months
Financial Distress May Increase Suicide Risk in Those With ADHD
New prescriptions for ADHD medications were not associated with financial outcomes
Many Older Gun Owners Fail to Consider Future Ownership Transfer
Including firearm issues in medical, financial, legal advance planning may be useful, authors say
Avoiding Cow’s Milk Baby Formula May Cut Asthma, Wheezing Later
Avoiding supplementation with cow's milk formula for at least the first three days of life may lower risk
Pandemic-Induced Impairments in Work Impact Mental Health
Impairments in work and social functioning strongly linked with elevated depression, anxiety symptoms
Abemaciclib Beneficial for HR+, HER2− Early Breast Cancer
Significant improvements seen in rates of invasive disease-free survival, distant recurrence-free survival
ASA: Mortality After Reoperation Higher in Black Children
And non-Hispanic Black, Asian, Hispanic children less likely to have surgery than White children
ACS: Antibiotics Noninferior to Appendectomy for Appendicitis
However, complications occurred more often in the antibiotics group than in the appendectomy group
AAP: Pediatric Fracture Volume Dropped During Pandemic
Incidence of fractures presenting significantly decreased; presenting age for all fractures decreased
Poll: Only Half of Americans Would Try to Get COVID-19 Vaccine
If enough people in the U.S. pass on vaccine, the nation may not be able to achieve herd immunity
Adjuvant Radiotherapy No Better for Localized Prostate Cancer
Event-free survival not improved with use of adjuvant versus early salvage radiotherapy
2018 to 2019 Vaccine Cut Influenza A-Linked Hospitalizations
Influenza vaccine reduced pediatric influenza A-linked hospitalizations, ED visits by 40 to 60 percent
Dentists’ Rx for Opioids Pose Danger for Drug Interactions
In older adults, interactions with meds for depression, anxiety increase risk for ED visits, hospitalizations
Cardiovascular Event Risk Up for Spouses of Patients in ICU
Increased odds found for visits for cardiovascular diseases one to four weeks after spouse's ICU admission
COVID-19 Mortality Higher in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Higher case fatality rates found to be independent of demographic factors, such as age, sex, and race
Many Parents Unaware of Their Children’s E-Cigarette Use
Setting strict rules about tobacco use in the home tied to less youth tobacco initiation
Loss of Smell Prevalent in Those With SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
Presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 2.86-fold more likely in those with loss of smell versus loss of taste
Daily COVID-19 Cases in U.S. Highest in Months
Decline seen in just three states: Texas, Missouri, and South Carolina
Three Scientists Share Nobel Prize for Hepatitis C Research
Nobel Committee described their work as 'a landmark achievement in our battle against viral infections'
CDC Now Acknowledges Airborne Transmission of COVID-19
Agency says it is especially true in enclosed spaces with inadequate ventilation
CDC Reports Cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults
MIS-A related to SARS-CoV-2 infection resembles MIS in children; respiratory symptoms often minimal
ASA: Sustained Decrease Seen in Prescription Opioid Abuse in U.S.
Significant declines seen from 2002 to 2013 and 2014 and from 2015 to 2016, 2017, 2018
Autism Triggers Nonverbal Manifestation of GI Symptoms in Children
Somatic complaints, behavioral issues in children with ASD may actually be an expression of GI symptoms
Daily Aspirin May Up Growth, Spread of Cancers in Older Adults
Authors caution that daily low-dose aspirin is linked to more late-stage cancers, related deaths in elderly
Older Adults Likely to Be Excluded From COVID-19 Trials
Fifty percent of phase 3 clinical trials and 100 percent of vaccine trials at risk for excluding older adults
Mortality Below 40 Percent for COVID-19 Patients Put on ECMO
Cumulative incidence of in-hospital mortality estimated to be 37.4 percent at 90 days
Considerable State-Level Variation Found in Prevalence of Eclampsia
Variation between states modest in chronic hypertension, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Plasma Caffeine Concentration Lower in Parkinson Disease
Results similar for caffeine metabolites and non-xanthine marker for coffee consumption in plasma
Antibodies Decrease With Time After COVID-19 Symptom Onset
For all donors of convalescent plasma, drop seen in anti-RBD antibody levels from first to last donation
Mortality Risk Up With Newer Antipsychotic Use for Depression
Risk up for nonelderly adults with augmentation with newer antipsychotic versus second antidepressant
Outcomes Worse for Deferred Aortic Valve Replacement
Mortality, stroke, hospitalization seen in 19.1 and 4.0 percent with deferred versus expedited AVR
CDC: Pet Hedgehogs, Bearded Dragons May Carry Salmonella
Agency says a dozen people have been hospitalized after contact with these pets
Primary Care Visits Dropped in Early Months of the Pandemic
Use of telemedicine increased, but fewer BP and cholesterol assessments being performed
Physician’s Briefing Weekly Coronavirus Roundup
Here is what the editors at Physician's Briefing chose as the most important COVID-19 developments for you and your practice for the week of...
Caregiver Characteristics Tied to Hospitalization Risk for Disabled Older Adults
Increased hospitalization risk tied to having a primary caregiver who helped with health care tasks
Sexual Harassment Common in Orthopedic Surgery Residents
Sixty-eight percent of female surgeons report sexual harassment during orthopedic surgery residency
Nursing, Intensivist Staffing Tied to Lower Hospital Sepsis Rates
In contrast, greater physician staffing, hospitalist hours associated with higher sepsis rates
Exercise Lowers Mortality for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
All-cause mortality significantly decreased for those with higher exercise capacity versus no exercise habits
Immunotherapy Combo Treats Advanced Kidney Cancer
First results show survival benefit with nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Tied to Threefold Higher Risk for Death
Risk for dying from breast cancer remains elevated 15 years after initial diagnosis
GI Complications More Common in Critically Ill With COVID-19
More transaminitis, severe ileus, bowel ischemia observed versus patients with non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress
Atezolizumab Prolongs Survival in NSCLC With PD-L1 Expression
Overall survival longer than for chemotherapy in metastatic NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression
HPV Vaccination Tied to Decrease in Invasive Cervical Cancer Risk
Incidence rate ratio 0.12 among women vaccinated before age 17; 0.47 for those vaccinated at ages 17 to 30
Home-Based Telerehabilitation Beneficial for Stroke Patients
Significant improvement seen in resting-state functional connectivity between bilateral M1 areas
Rates of Alcohol-Induced Deaths Increased From 2006 to 2018
Rate of increase for men and women greater in rural versus urban areas from 2000 to 2018
Number, Proportion of Pediatric COVID-19 Cases Rising in the U.S.
Less than 3 percent of reported cases were pediatric in April versus 12 to 15.9 percent in last eight weeks
In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Common in Critically Ill With COVID-19
About half received cardiopulmonary resuscitation; only 12 percent receiving CPR survived to discharge
Irregular, Long Menstrual Cycles Linked to Premature Mortality
Risk for premature death increased for those reporting irregular cycles at ages 14 to 17, 18 to 22, 29 to 46
Bronchitis in Early Childhood Linked to Later Lung Disease
Lung diseases occurring later in life more likely to be asthma, pneumonia rather than chronic bronchitis
No Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Expected Until Next Spring
Company will not be ready to seek U.S. approval for the vaccine until at least late January
Review: Children, Teens Have Lower Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2
Most studies consistent with lower seroprevalence for children versus adults; similar for teens, adults
Female Doctors Generate Less Revenue Per Office Visit Than Males
However, female physicians spend more observed time in visits per year than their male counterparts
~60 Percent of Pregnant Women Got Flu Shot in 2019 to 2020
56.6 percent received Tdap in pregnancy; highest cover seen with provider offer, referral for vaccination
Machine Learning Algorithm May Help Predict Bipolar Disorder
Algorithm applied at a patient visit at age 18 years identifies those at risk for bipolar disorder at age 22
Switching Skin Antiseptics Could Reduce Surgical Site Infections
Use of alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate tied to lower risk for infection compared with povidone-iodine
Pancreas Size, Shape Restored With Remission of T2DM
Responders had increase in pancreas volume, normalization of irregular pancreas borders
AI Model Shows Deep Learning Can Detect Large Vessel Occlusion
Phases 1, 2, 3 of CT angiography together achieved AUC of 0.89 for detecting large vessel occlusion
Disparities in CVD Burden Increasing Between Richest, Poorer
Substantial and increasing disparities found between highest resource group and remainder of population
Early Introduction of Gluten Linked to Decline in Celiac Disease
Introduction of gluten from age 4 months linked to reduced prevalence of celiac disease
Hospital Admissions Not Related to COVID-19 Fell in Early 2020
From February to April 2020, drop >20 percent observed for all primary admission diagnoses
Review IDs Dietary Factors Linked to Lower CRC Incidence
Incidence up with frequent alcohol or meat consumption; no evidence of protective effect found for tea, coffee
Current Trends in COVID-19 Reported for U.S. Youth
Incidence of COVID-19 higher in teenagers than children during May to September 2020
Cancer Mortality Higher for U.S. Counties With Persistent Poverty
Counties with persistent poverty have higher overall, several type-specific cancer mortality rates
No Race Difference Found in COVID-19 Mortality Rates at Same Medical Center
Risk-adjusted survival outcomes similar between Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White COVID-19 patients
Surgeon Charged With Aggravated Assault Over Windpipe Transplants
The surgeon claimed in 2011 to have conducted the world's first stem-cell windpipe transplants
High-Risk Patients Not Aware of Needed Colonoscopy Intervals
Findings among patients with biopsy-confirmed advanced colorectal polyps
COVID-19 Tests for Return to Work May Delay Health Workers
Return delayed by seven days per employee versus time-, symptom-based criteria
COVID-19-Related Hospital Death Up With Psychiatric Diagnosis
Risk for death remained significantly greater after adjustment for demographics, medical comorbidities
Recent Increase Seen in COVID-19 Incidence Among 18- to 22-Year-Olds
During Aug. 2 to Sept. 5, weekly incidence increased 55.1 percent nationally, with regional variation
ECT May Reduce Suicide Risk in Patients With Bipolar Depression
Authors of cohort study report 84.4 percent decrease in suicidality after electroconvulsive therapy
New FDA Applications for Opioids Often Based on Short Trials
Most products for treating chronic pain approved based on narrowly defined populations of patients
Health Care Use, Costs Increase 20-Fold After Firearm Injury
Findings compared six months before and after injury across patients in five states
Lockdown Tied to Worsening of Musculoskeletal Conditions
About half of U.K. patients experienced an increase in symptoms during early stages of the pandemic
Gabapentin Does Not Lower Pain Scores in Chronic Pelvic Pain
Treatment also linked to more serious adverse events
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Linked to Increased T2DM Risk
Type 2 diabetes risk increased with increasing length of PPI use, particularly use for more than two years
Women With AMI-Cardiogenic Shock Treated Less Aggressively
Coronary angiography, PCI, mechanical circulatory support used less often; mortality higher
Generalized Epilepsy Tied to Higher Sleep Apnea Risk
No differences found between focal, generalized epilepsy for excessive daytime sleepiness
Thousands of Donated Corneas From Gay, Bisexual Men Rejected
Modern virologic testing could expand number of corneal transplants available
Young Women Benefit From Surgery for Breast Asymmetry
Benefits seen in physical, mental health, social functioning for up to five years after surgery
Higher Odds of Migraines Seen Among Sexual Minorities
Those identifying as mostly heterosexual or lesbian, gay, bisexual had higher prevalence of migraine
U.S. Government to Ship Millions of Rapid COVID-19 Tests This Week
Tests will be distributed based on state populations; governors can use them as they see fit
CDC Recommends No Travel for Thanksgiving
Agency says it is best to restrict Thanksgiving dinners to people living in the same household
Global Death Toll From COVID-19 Passes 1 Million
Americans made up more than 200,000 of those deaths, or one in five
Frequency of Alcohol Consumption Up During Pandemic
Increase in frequency overall, for adults aged 30 to 59 years, for women, and for non-Hispanic Whites
Outcomes of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Poor in COVID-19 Patients
Of the 54 patients receiving CPR who were included in the analysis, none survived to discharge
Stroke, CVD Risk Up With Two or More Menopausal Symptoms
No association seen between the severity of vasomotor symptoms and any health outcomes
Only Two-Thirds of Parents Planning to Get Flu Shots for Their Children
Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, only one-third of parents see the flu vaccine as more necessary this year
Metabolic Surgery May Cut Risk for Cardiovascular Events, Death
Findings seen for patients with HTN and morbid obesity compared with matched controls with HTN
Early Intervention Has Lasting Benefit for Deaf Children
Children who were deaf/hard of hearing who entered EI early more likely to be ready for kindergarten